ABPS Autonomy Levels

Three-level roadmap for Autonomous Business Process Systems (ABPSs), proposed by Elyasaf et al. 2025 (sources/2025-elyasaf-self-modifying-abps) inspired by SAE J3016 driving-automation taxonomy and distinct from Sheridan's Levels of Automation (which focus on isolated tasks, not holistic process behavior).

Level	Name	Description
0	No Automation	Fully manual execution and orchestration
1	Process Assistance	System recommends/flags (e.g., concepts/predictive-process-monitoring)
2	Partial Autonomy	System executes isolated tasks within predefined boundaries
3	Contextual Autonomy	System autonomously orchestrates most tasks and flows, human intervention only in edge cases — aligns with concepts/agentic-bpm

Cross-axis: object of modification

Each level is further decomposed by whether autonomy targets the task, flow, or process object (Table 1 in source).

Required Level-3 capabilities

Concept-drift detection.
Decide: adaptation vs evolution.
Select modification strategy.
Learn from prior adaptations and generalize.
Communicate decisions, rationale, uncertainty.

concepts/self-modification · concepts/agentic-bpm · concepts/mape-k-loop